Hysterocele (Uterine Prolapse): Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Hysterocele, or uterine prolapse, occurs when the uterus descends into or protrudes through the vagina. It affects about 5% of parous women.

Symptoms

• Pelvic pressure or pain.
• Vaginal fullness or bulge.
• Urinary difficulty, incontinence.
• Bowel movement difficulty.
• Vaginal bleeding/spotting.
• Dyspareunia (painful intercourse).
• Low back pain.

Diagnosis

Based on symptoms and pelvic examination (often with Valsalva maneuver).

Treatment Options

• Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels).
• Pessary (vaginal support device).
• Surgical repair (ligament suspension, hysterectomy).
• Adjuncts: weight loss, hormone therapy (estrogen).

Management is tailored to severity and patient preferences.