Brain Biopsy: Procedure, Risks, and Diagnostic Value

Procedure

Performed under local or general anesthesia. A small scalp incision and burr hole are made; a stereotactic needle obtains tissue samples for histopathological analysis.

Setting

Usually outpatient; occasional overnight observation.

Risks

• Infection
• Hemorrhage
• Cerebral edema
• Neurological deficit
• Seizures
• Mortality (rare)

Benefit-Risk Balance

Risks are generally outweighed by the diagnostic certainty needed for brain tumors, infections, or inflammatory conditions, guiding targeted therapy.