Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2): Uses, Dangers & Safety

Hydrogen dioxide (H2O2) is better known as hydrogen peroxide. It is infinitely soluble in water. Commercial hydrogen peroxide solutions typically range from 3 to 35 percent. In lower concentrations, it is a common antiseptic, disinfectant and chlorine-free household bleach. In higher concentrations, it is an agricultural fungicide and a water-purification agent. Concentrations above 40 percent are extremely hazardous due to their corrosive and oxidizing qualities, and are usually found only in labs and industrial applications.

3-Percent Solutions

• When used in a 3-percent solution, hydrogen peroxide is an effective topical antiseptic. Although it's generally safe for external use, this product can irritate eyes and mucous membranes. Ingesting a 3-percent hydrogen peroxide solution may cause stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

10-Percent Solutions

• Hydrogen peroxide solutions at or near 10 percent are common in hair-bleaching products and laundry whiteners. At this concentration, hydrogen peroxide is corrosive to skin and mucous membranes. Inhaling the vapors or ingesting the solution can lead to injury and --- in rare cases --- death. Contact with eyes may cause permanent damage. Hydrogen peroxide is also a strong oxidizer at this concentration, and may cause a fire if it comes in contact with organic oxidizable materials.

35-Percent Solutions

• In concentrations at or near 35 percent, hydrogen peroxide is extremely dangerous to human health. The vapors are severely caustic to the respiratory track and eyes. Skin contact can lead to irreversible damage, while ingestion can lead to serious injury or death. At this concentration, hydrogen peroxide is a dangerous oxidizer. Contact with organic oxidizable materials may result in fire or an explosion. Sealed containers of the solution may also rupture when heated.