What does the word masochism mean in psychiatry?

In psychiatry, the term "masochism" denotes a psychological phenomenon where a person derives sexual pleasure from being humiliated, abused, or subjected to pain by another person, often referred to as a dominant or sadist. This behavior is rooted in erotic gratification from experiencing suffering or receiving punishment.

Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, introduced the concept of masochism and classified it as a specific sexual perversion. He believed that masochism stems from unconscious conflicts and unresolved childhood experiences, such as power dynamics within families or unresolved trauma.

Individuals who display masochistic behavior might have unconscious fantasies or desires to be dominated, controlled, punished, or made to feel helpless by another person. These acts of submission can provide them with a sense of arousal and pleasure. It is important to note that masochism exists on a spectrum and can vary in its intensity and frequency among individuals who exhibit this behavior.

In psychiatric practice, masochistic tendencies can be addressed through psychotherapy to understand the underlying motivations, unresolved conflicts, and childhood experiences that contribute to this behavior. The goal of treatment is to develop healthier coping mechanisms, break the cycle of negative self-perceptions, and establish more fulfilling and emotionally satisfying relationships.