What Sigmund Freud believe cause phobias?

Sigmund Freud believed that phobias were caused by unresolved unconscious conflicts. According to Freud, phobias are a defense mechanism that helps people manage anxiety by displacing it onto a safer object or situation. For example, someone who is afraid of spiders may actually be afraid of their father, but they displace this fear onto spiders because it is less threatening.

Freud believed that phobias are often rooted in childhood experiences and that they may be related to traumatic events or situations that were not properly resolved. For example, someone who was attacked by a dog as a child may develop a phobia of dogs in adulthood.

Freud also believed that phobias are often a manifestation of unconscious desires or impulses that are unacceptable to the conscious mind. For example, someone who is afraid of heights may actually be afraid of their own power or freedom.