Understanding Bipolar Disorder Episodes: Symptoms & Causes

Bipolar Disorder (formerly called Manic Depression) is characterized by two opposing mood shifts with periods of extreme highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). The attacks can be as frequent as several times a year or as infrequent as once in several years. They are triggered by changes in the brain chemistry.

A manic or hypomanic attack is characterized by:

- Increased activity, energy and excitability

- Reduced sleep

- Rapid and erratic speech

- Exaggerated self image and grandiose plans

- Risky behaviour, sexual indiscretion and gambling

- Delusions or hallucinations

A depressive attack is characterized by:

- Low energy levels, fatigue and tiredness

- Loss of interest in activities

- Feeling worthless

- Difficulty in making decisions

- Suicidal thoughts