Understanding Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms, Types & Impact

Bipolar disorder, formerly called manic depression, is a mental illness that causes extreme swings in mood, energy, and activity levels. These swings can be from mania to depression or just hypomania and depression.

Mania is a period of elevated or irritable mood that is accompanied by increased energy, activity, and talkativeness. People who are manic may also have racing thoughts, trouble sleeping, risky behavior, and poor judgment.

Hypomania is a milder form of mania that does not cause significant impairment in daily life.

Depression is a period of low mood that is accompanied by decreased energy, activity, and interest in things. People who are depressed may also have trouble sleeping, eating, and concentrating. They may also have feelings of worthlessness, guilt, and hopelessness.

Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition, but it can be managed with medication and therapy. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, and episodes may last for days, weeks, or even months. Treatment can help people with bipolar disorder live full and productive lives.