Understanding A&F: Adduction and Flexion in Medical Exams

A&F is a medical abbreviation for Adduction and Flexion, commonly documented during musculoskeletal and neurological examinations to describe joint range of motion (ROM) or motor testing.

Definitions

• Adduction: Movement of a limb toward the body's midline (e.g., bringing the arm down to the side, thighs together).
• Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two body segments (e.g., bending the elbow, hip, or knee).

Clinical Contexts

Context	What A&F Assesses
Shoulder exam	Adduction (cross-body), flexion (forward elevation to 180°)
Hip exam	Flexion (knee to chest), adduction (midline crossing)
Motor strength testing (MRC scale)	Grade 0–5 for hip adductors (L2–L4) and hip flexors (L1–L3)
Neurological levels	Hip flexion = L1–L2 (iliopsoas); Hip adduction = L2–L4 (adductors)
Stroke / hemiparesis	Flexor synergy: hip flexion, adduction, knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion
Orthopedic special tests	FABER test (Flexion, ABduction, External Rotation) – note: ABduction, not adduction

Documentation Example

ROM: R hip flexion 120°, adduction 30°; L hip flexion 115°, adduction 25°
Strength: Hip flexors 5/5 bilat; Hip adductors 4+/5 R, 5/5 L

Common Confusions

• Abduction vs. Adduction: Abduction = away from midline (AB = away). A&F specifically tests adduction.
• Extension vs. Flexion: Extension increases joint angle; flexion decreases it.
• A&F ≠ AROM/PROM: A&F names the movements; AROM/PROM describe active vs. passive testing.

Clear documentation of A&F ensures reproducible exams and accurate communication among clinicians.