Blood Alcohol Elimination: Timeline, Factors, and Safety

Alcohol metabolism averages 1 standard drink per hour (14g pure alcohol), but varies widely:

• Body Composition: Higher fat % = higher BAC (alcohol distributes in water).
• Sex: Women have less gastric ADH, higher fat % → higher BAC/drink.
• Age: Slower metabolism, less water.
• Genetics: ADH/ALDH variants affect breakdown speed.
• Food: Slows absorption; doesn't speed elimination.
• Medications: Some inhibit/induce alcohol dehydrogenase.

Estimation & Safety

• Use validated BAC calculators (Widmark formula) for rough estimates.
• Allow ≥1 hr/drink; add buffer.
• Zero BAC ≠ unimpaired: Cognitive/motor deficits persist below legal limits.
• Never drive if unsure. Use rideshare, designated driver, public transit.

Chronic heavy drinkers may develop tolerance but not faster metabolism. Only time sobers you.