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Narcissism and Child Abuse: Exploring the Link
Child abuse is a risk factor for narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), but not the sole cause. NPD arises from a complex interplay of:
- Genetic factors: Heritability estimates suggest a genetic component; specific genes remain unidentified.
- Environmental factors: Abuse, neglect, excessive praise, or unpredictable parenting can foster entitlement, grandiosity, and need for admiration as defense against insecurity.
- Psychological factors: Low self-esteem, shame, need for control, and poor emotional regulation contribute to narcissistic defenses.
Not all abused children develop NPD, and not all with NPD were abused. Narcissism exists on a spectrum; professional diagnosis is required for NPD.
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