Copper IUD: Understanding How It Works & Benefits

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a small flexible device made of bent metal or plastic that is inserted into the uterus in order to prevent pregnancy.

Copper IUD

• A copper IUD consists of a small T-shaped piece of flexible plastic that is wrapped with copper. It measures 1 and 1/4 inches across the top of the "T" and 1 and 3/8 inches long. The only copper IUD currently approved by the FDA for use in the United States is the ParaGard. It must be inserted and removed by a doctor.

Function

• The copper IUD works by continuously releasing copper into the uterus, which prevents sperm from entering the fallopian tubes. If fertilization does occur, the copper IUD prevents the fertilized egg from implanting in the uterus. The copper IUD is effective immediately after insertion and remains effective for up to 10 years.

Benefits and Risks

• The copper IUD is 99.4 percent effective. It does not require surgery, works without hormones and is fully reversible. The copper IUD does not protect against STDs. It carries a risk of side effects that include severe cramping, heavy menstrual bleeding, breakthrough bleeding and vaginal inflammation.