Fetal Hematopoiesis: Liver, Spleen, and Bone Marrow Timeline

Blood cell production shifts during gestation:

  • Liver: Primary site until ~3rd trimester; produces RBCs, WBCs, platelets.
  • Spleen: Contributes RBCs and WBCs (mainly 2nd trimester).
  • Bone marrow: Becomes primary site in 3rd trimester; continues throughout life.

This ontogeny explains why certain anemias or malignancies present differently in fetuses/neonates vs. adults.

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