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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD): No Safe Alcohol Amount in Pregnancy
Diagnostic Categories
- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS): Growth deficiency, characteristic facial features (smooth philtrum, thin vermillion border, short palpebral fissures), CNS abnormalities.
- Partial FAS (pFAS): Some features without full criteria.
- Alcohol‑Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND): Cognitive/behavioral deficits without facial features.
- Alcohol‑Related Birth Defects (ARBD): Cardiac, renal, skeletal, auditory, ocular anomalies.
Key Message
No amount, no type, no trimester of alcohol is proven safe. Abstinence is the only certain prevention. Screen all pregnant patients (AUDIT‑C); brief intervention reduces consumption.
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