Carbuncle: Causes, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Essentials

A carbuncle is a deep skin infection involving a cluster of hair follicles, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Pathogenesis

1. Entry: Bacteria enter via cuts, abrasions, bites.
2. Folliculitis: Pustules form in follicles.
3. Furuncles (boils): Deeper, necrotic core with surrounding inflammation.
4. Coalescence: Multiple furuncles merge → carbuncle with draining sinuses.
5. Deep spread: Cellulitis, rarely bacteremia.

Risk Factors

• Diabetes, obesity, immunosuppression, poor hygiene, malnutrition, corticosteroids.

Treatment

• Incision and drainage + systemic antibiotics (anti‑staphylococcal).
• Wound care, pain control, address predisposing factors.