Retiform Veins: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Retiform (plexiform) veins form a branching, net-like plexus of small veins interconnected like a mesh. They are prominent in areas with thin skin: dorsum of hand, anterior abdominal wall, lower extremities.

Function

• Collect deoxygenated blood from capillaries/venules
• Large surface area enhances venous return in low-pressure zones
• Collateral network provides redundancy if one channel occludes

Clinical Relevance

Visible retiform veins are normal. Pathological dilation → reticular veins (feeder veins for telangiectasias). Sclerotherapy targets these. They differ from varicose veins (larger, tortuous, valvular incompetence).