Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding: Causes, Symptoms & Types

A gastrointestinal (GI) bleed refers to bleeding that occurs in the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (colon). GI bleeds are often characterized by the presence of blood in the stool (hematochezia), vomiting of blood (hematemesis), or black, tarry stools (melena). Upper GI bleeds involve bleeding from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum (first part of the small intestine), while lower GI bleeds refer to bleeding from the small intestine, colon, or rectum. GI bleeds can range from mild to severe and can be caused by various underlying conditions, such as ulcers, diverticular disease, inflammation (colitis), vascular abnormalities, or cancer. They can also occur as a result of certain medications, trauma, or infections. Symptoms associated with GI bleeds may include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weakness. It's important to seek medical attention promptly if you experience symptoms suggestive of a GI bleed, as it can be a sign of a potentially serious condition. Diagnosis and management of GI bleeds may involve exams like endoscopy or colonoscopy, blood tests, and treatments to stop the bleeding and address the underlying cause.