Dandruff: Causes, Symptoms, and Effective Treatments

Dandruff is a common scalp condition that causes the skin on the scalp to flake. It is not contagious and it is not caused by poor hygiene. Dandruff is usually caused by a type of fungus called Malassezia that lives on the scalp. This fungus feeds on the oil produced by the scalp and can cause the skin to become irritated and flaky. Dandruff can also be caused by other factors, such as dry skin, eczema, and psoriasis. Symptoms of dandruff include:

- Flaking of the scalp

- Itching

- Redness

- Greasy patches on the scalp

- Yellow or white flakes in the hair

Dandruff can usually be treated with over-the-counter shampoos that contain ingredients such as ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, or coal tar. In some cases, a prescription shampoo may be required. Other tips for managing dandruff include:

- Washing your hair regularly

- Not over-styling your hair

- Avoiding using harsh shampoos and conditioners

- Applying a leave-in conditioner to your hair

- Exposing your scalp to sunlight for short periods of time

- Eating a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

- Managing stress