Latest Advances in Dental Caries Diagnosis

Emerging technologies enhance early, non-invasive caries detection:

1. Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF): Detects demineralization via fluorescence loss; quantifies lesion activity.
2. Near-Infrared (NIR) Transillumination: 780–1500 nm light penetrates enamel; reveals hidden proximal/occlusal lesions.
3. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM): High-resolution optical sections of enamel/dentin; assesses lesion depth.
4. Digital Radiography & CBCT: Low-dose, high-res 2D/3D imaging; detects interproximal, recurrent, and root caries.
5. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Cross-sectional micrometer-resolution imaging; differentiates active/arrested lesions.
6. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS): Elemental analysis of tooth surface; identifies carious demineralization.
7. Caries Detection Dyes: Vital stains (e.g., ICDAS-compatible) highlight demineralized tissue during excavation.

These tools support minimally invasive dentistry (MID) by enabling earlier intervention, monitoring lesion progression, and preserving tooth structure.