Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Causes, Symptoms & Prevention

UTIs are caused by bacteria entering the urethra and multiplying in the bladder. Most common pathogen: Escherichia coli (E. coli). Others include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

Risk Factors

• Female anatomy (shorter urethra)
• History of UTIs
• Sexual activity
• Spermicide/diaphragm use
• Urinary tract obstruction (kidney stones, enlarged prostate)
• Diabetes
• Weakened immune system

Treatment

Antibiotics tailored to the causative bacteria.

Prevention

• Drink plenty of fluids (especially water).
• Don't hold urine for long periods.
• Empty bladder completely.
• Wipe front to back.
• Avoid spermicides/diaphragms if prone to UTIs.
• Consult doctor for obstructions or immune issues.