Preventing Peptic Ulcers: Diet, Lifestyle, and Key Strategies

Peptic ulcers (gastric/duodenal) are largely preventable by addressing modifiable risk factors.

Key Prevention Strategies

1. H. pylori Eradication: Test‑and‑treat if positive (major cause).
2. NSAID Caution: Avoid chronic use; if needed, use lowest dose + PPI (omeprazole) or switch to acetaminophen/COX‑2 selective.
3. Diet: Regular meals; limit spicy/acidic/fried foods if symptomatic; fiber‑rich foods protective.
4. Alcohol: Moderate or avoid (disrupts mucosal barrier).
5. Smoking Cessation: Smoking increases acid, decreases prostaglandins, impairs healing.
6. Stress Management: Chronic stress → vagal inhibition → reduced mucosal defense. CBT, mindfulness, exercise.
7. Sleep Hygiene: 7–9 hours; sleep deprivation increases acid, decreases repair.
8. Hydration: Adequate water; limit caffeine/carbonation if triggering.
9. Weight Management: Obesity raises intra‑abdominal pressure → GERD → ulcer risk.
10. Hygiene: Handwashing reduces H. pylori transmission.

Red Flags – See a Doctor

• Persistent epigastric pain, unintended weight loss, anemia, melena, hematemesis, dysphagia, family history of GI cancer.

Primary prevention = H. pylori screening + NSAID stewardship + healthy lifestyle.