Ankle Sprain vs. Tendon Strain: Distinct Injuries, Overlapping Risks

Definitions

Sprain = ligament injury (bone‑to‑bone). Strain = muscle/tendon injury (muscle‑to‑bone).

Ankle Specifics

• Lateral ligament complex (ATFL, CFL, PTFL) sprains are most common (inversion injury).
• Peroneal tendon strain/tear can co‑occur with severe sprain (forced eversion/dorsiflexion).
• Achilles tendon strain is separate (push‑off mechanism).

Management

• Acute: RICE, NSAIDs, functional bracing.
• Physical therapy: proprioception, peroneal strengthening.
• Imaging (X‑ray → Ottawa rules; MRI if syndesmotic or tendon tear suspected).
• Surgery for complete ligament/tendon rupture or chronic instability.