Understanding Sunburn: UV Radiation, Skin Damage, and Prevention

Sunburn results from UV radiation overexposure (sun or tanning beds).

Mechanism

1. UV radiation: UVA (skin damage/tanning) and UVB (primary sunburn cause) penetrate skin
2. DNA damage: UV causes thymidine dimers, disrupting cellular function
3. Inflammatory response: Histamine, prostaglandins, cytokines cause vasodilation → redness, swelling, pain

Symptoms

• Redness (erythema), pain, tenderness
• Swelling, warm skin
• Blistering (severe cases)

Risk Factors

• Fair skin, light eyes, family history
• Prior sunburns, prolonged peak-hour exposure (10am-4pm)
• Tanning beds, photosensitizing conditions/medications

Prevention

Broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen, shade during peak hours, protective clothing, regular reapplication.