Restless Legs Syndrome: Risk Factors & Who's Most Affected
RLS (Willis-Ekbom disease) affects 5–10% of adults. Risk factors:
- Female sex: 2× more common; worsens in pregnancy.
- Age: Prevalence increases with age.
- Family history: ~50% have affected relative; genetic loci identified.
- Iron deficiency: Low ferritin (<50–75 ng/mL) impairs dopamine synthesis.
- Comorbidities: Diabetes, CKD/ESRD, Parkinson's, peripheral neuropathy.
- Medications: Antidepressants (SSRIs/SNRIs), antipsychotics, antihistamines, antiemetics (metoclopramide); withdrawal of sedatives (benzos, gabapentinoids).
Screening & Management
Check ferritin; supplement if low. Review meds. Non-drug: exercise, sleep hygiene, avoid caffeine/alcohol. Pharmacologic: dopamine agonists, gabapentinoids, iron IV if deficient.
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