Leg Arteries: Anatomy, Function, and Key Vessels

Leg arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the muscles and tissues of the lower limb. Here are the major arteries:

• Femoral artery: Main supplier; runs from lower abdomen down the thigh to the knee.
• Popliteal artery: Continuation behind the knee; divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
• Anterior tibial artery: Supplies front and outer lower leg.
• Posterior tibial artery: Supplies back and inner lower leg.

These arteries branch into smaller vessels and arterioles, delivering oxygen‑rich blood to muscles, skin, and tissues. Adequate flow is essential for leg function; disruptions (e.g., from atherosclerosis) can cause pain, cramping, tissue damage, or even amputation in severe cases.