Arthropod Respiratory Systems: Tracheal Systems & Book Lungs Explained
Tracheal System- Most terrestrial arthropods have a tracheal system.
- It consists of a series of tubes called trachea that carry oxygen from the spiracles (external openings) to the body.
- The trachea extend throughout the body and end in tiny sacs called tracheoles that directly supply oxygen to the tissues.
- The tracheal system is very efficient and allows for a rapid diffusion of oxygen into the body.
Book Lungs
- Some aquatic arthropods, such as spiders and scorpions, have book lungs.
- Book lungs are air-filled chambers that are lined with lamellae (thin sheets of tissue).
- The lamellae are covered in tiny blood vessels, and oxygen from the air diffuses across the lamellae into the blood.
- Book lungs are not as efficient as the tracheal system, but they are adequate for meeting the oxygen needs of these aquatic arthropods.
Gills
- Some aquatic arthropods, such as crabs and shrimp, have gills.
- Gills are thin, feathery structures that are covered in tiny blood vessels.
- The gills are located in the water, and oxygen from the water diffuses across the gills into the blood.
- Gills are very efficient at extracting oxygen from the water, and they allow aquatic arthropods to breathe in a variety of habitats.
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