The Diaphragm's Role in Breathing: Inspiration & Expiration Mechanics
The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle separating thorax and abdomen, drives ventilation:
Inspiration
- Diaphragm contracts → flattens, descends.
- Thoracic volume ↑ → intrapleural pressure ↓.
- Air flows in (pressure gradient).
Expiration
- Diaphragm relaxes → returns to dome shape.
- Thoracic volume ↓ → intrapulmonary pressure ↑.
- Air flows out.
Intercostal and accessory muscles assist during exercise or respiratory distress.
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