Dandruff: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment - A Comprehensive Guide

Dandruff is a common scalp condition that affects both men and women. It is caused by an overgrowth of a fungus called Malassezia globosa, which feeds on the oils on the scalp. This can lead to itching, flaking, and scaling of the scalp. Dandruff can also be a symptom of other underlying conditions, such as seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis.

Symptoms of dandruff include:

* Itching, flaking, and scaling of the scalp

* White or yellow flakes on the hair or shoulders

* Redness or inflammation of the scalp

* A feeling of tightness or discomfort on the scalp

Treatment for dandruff typically involves using over-the-counter or prescription shampoos and conditioners that contain active ingredients such as:

* Pyrithione zinc

* Selenium sulfide

* Ketoconazole

* Coal tar

* Salicylic acid

In some cases, a doctor may recommend prescription medications to treat severe dandruff.

Tips for preventing dandruff include:

* Wash your hair regularly with a gentle shampoo and conditioner.

* Avoid using harsh chemicals or hair products that can irritate the scalp.

* Rinse your hair thoroughly after shampooing.

* Avoid scratching or picking at your scalp.

* Use a humidifier to add moisture to the air in your home.

* Eat a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

If you have dandruff that does not improve with over-the-counter treatments, or if you have any concerns about your symptoms, it is important to see a doctor for evaluation.