Aluminum Toxicity: Early and Advanced Symptoms from Nausea to Dementia and Death

Early signs (low‑level chronic exposure): nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, fatigue, bone/joint pain, headaches, mood swings, irritability, poor concentration, memory lapses, confusion.

Advanced/severe toxicity: renal failure, hepatic injury, encephalopathy/dementia, seizures, cardiomyopathy, coma, death.

Sources: contaminated dialysis fluid, antacids, occupational inhalation, parenteral nutrition. Diagnosis: serum Al, deferoxamine challenge. Treatment: chelation, exposure cessation, renal replacement.