Understanding Special Disorders: Types, Symptoms & Support
Examples of Special Disorders
- Specific Learning Disabilities: Impair reading, writing, math (processing, memory, executive function).
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Social communication deficits, repetitive behaviors (includes autism, Asperger's, PDD-NOS).
- Down Syndrome: Extra chromosome 21 material → distinct features, intellectual disability, developmental delays.
- ADHD: Inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity affecting focus and behavior control.
- Cerebral Palsy: Permanent movement disorders from early brain damage – affects tone, coordination, balance.
- Tourette's Syndrome: Chronic involuntary tics (vocal/motor).
- Rett Syndrome: Rare, girls only; loss of hand use, speech, social engagement (6–24 months).
- Fragile X Syndrome: FMR1 mutation → intellectual disability, speech/language issues, behavioral challenges.
- Dyslexia: Neurological reading/spelling impairment.
- Schizophrenia: Severe mental illness – hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, impaired social function.
Many other conditions exist. Each requires specific evaluation and intervention. Seek professional medical advice for diagnosis and support.
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