Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Thiamine Deficiency, Symptoms, and Treatment
Caused by thiamine (B1) deficiency, often from alcoholism, malnutrition, or malabsorption. Two phases:
- Wernicke encephalopathy (acute): confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, nausea. Emergency—IV thiamine prevents permanent damage.
- Korsakoff syndrome (chronic): profound anterograde amnesia, confabulation, apathy.
Treatment: high-dose thiamine (IV/oral), address underlying cause, nutritional support.
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