Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

The suprascapular nerve (C5–C6) innervates supraspinatus (abduction) and infraspinatus (external rotation). Entrapment causes shoulder dysfunction.

Causes

• Repetitive overhead motion (throwing, swimming)
• Suprascapular ligament ossification or cyst (ganglion)
• Trauma, fracture, scapular dyskinesis
• Tumors (rare)

Symptoms

• Deep, posterior shoulder pain
• Weakness in abduction/external rotation
• Atrophy of supraspinatus/infraspinatus fossae
• Possible radiating arm pain, paresthesia

Diagnosis

• Clinical exam (atrophy, weakness, Tinel's at notch)
• MRI (cysts, soft tissue)
• EMG/NCS (confirms localization/severity)

Treatment

• Conservative: Rest, PT (scapular stabilization), NSAIDs, activity modification.
• Ultrasound-guided injection (corticosteroid).
• Surgical decompression (arthroscopic/open) if conservative fails.

Prognosis

Good with early intervention. Most recover fully with appropriate management.