Muscular System Anatomy: Practice Questions and Answers (Review Sheet 15)

Review Sheet 15: Gross Anatomy of Muscular System

Multiple Choice

1. Not a muscle tissue type: (D) Voluntary (voluntary is a property, not a type).
2. Largest muscle: (A) Gluteus maximus.
3. Elevates arm: (A) Deltoid.
4. Extends knee: (A) Quadriceps femoris.
5. Flexes ankle: (A) Tibialis anterior.
6. Muscle attachment to immovable bone: (A) Origin.
7. Muscle crossing a joint: (B) Insertion.
8. Connective tissue surrounding muscle: (A) Fascia.
9. Contraction with fiber shortening: (C) Concentric contraction.
10. Contraction with fiber lengthening: (D) Eccentric contraction.

Short Answers

11. Three muscle types: Skeletal (voluntary, striated, on bones); Smooth (involuntary, non-striated, organ walls); Cardiac (involuntary, striated, heart).
12. Three main functions: Move bones/joints; maintain posture; generate heat.
13. Agonist vs. antagonist: Agonist contracts to produce movement; antagonist relaxes to allow it.
14. Origin vs. insertion: Origin = attachment to immovable bone; Insertion = attachment to movable bone.
15. Muscle contraction process: Nervous signal → Ca²⁺ release → binds troponin/tropomyosin → conformational change → filament sliding → contraction.
16. Aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration: Aerobic (with O₂) → CO₂ + H₂O; Anaerobic (without O₂) → lactic acid.
17. Muscle twitch vs. tetanus: (Incomplete in source; twitch = single contraction; tetanus = sustained fusion of twitches.)