Myometrium: Structure, Function, and Role in Labor

The myometrium is the thick, muscular layer of the uterine wall. It consists of three interwoven layers of smooth muscle fibers: an inner circular layer, a middle longitudinal layer, and an outer circular layer. This arrangement allows the uterus to contract powerfully and efficiently during labor and delivery.

During pregnancy, the myometrium undergoes significant hypertrophy and hyperplasia to accommodate the growing fetus. Its contractions are regulated by hormones such as oxytocin and prostaglandins. Understanding the myometrium is essential for managing labor, treating uterine disorders, and performing surgical procedures like cesarean sections.