Ammonia in the Body: Production, Role & Excretion

Ammonia is a toxic waste product from protein breakdown. The liver converts it to urea (less toxic), which kidneys excrete in urine. Gut bacteria also produce ammonia, some absorbed into blood.

High blood ammonia (hyperammonemia) causes confusion, lethargy, coma, death. Causes: liver/kidney disease, genetic disorders, certain drugs (chemo, antibiotics). Urgent medical treatment (medications, dialysis, diet) is needed.