What are the symptoms of acid reflux and what treatment options?

Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), is a common condition that occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

Symptoms of acid reflux may include:

- A burning sensation in the chest (heartburn)

- A sour or bitter taste in the mouth

- Difficulty swallowing

- Nausea

- Vomiting

- Regurgitation of food or liquid

- A chronic cough

- Hoarseness

- Chest pain

Treatment options for acid reflux may include

Lifestyle changes

- Avoiding foods and beverages that trigger symptoms, such as spicy foods, fatty foods, alcohol, and caffeine

- Eating small meals throughout the day

- Avoiding lying down or bending over after eating

- Elevating the head of the bed by 6 inches

Over-the-counter medications:

- Antacids: These medications can neutralize stomach acid and provide temporary relief from heartburn.

- H2 blockers: These medications reduce the production of stomach acid.

Prescription medications:

- Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): These medications block the production of stomach acid and are more effective than H2 blockers.

- Prokinetics: These medications help to increase the movement of food and liquids through the digestive tract.

Surgery:

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the underlying problem causing the acid reflux.