Edema: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

What Is Edema?

Edema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues, causing swelling and puffiness—commonly in the hands, feet, ankles, and legs.

Common Causes

• Heart failure
• Kidney disease
• Liver disease (cirrhosis)
• Lymphatic system disorders
• Pregnancy
• Medication side effects (e.g., calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs)
• Venous insufficiency

Symptoms

• Visible swelling, especially in dependent areas
• Stretched or shiny skin
• Skin that retains a dimple after pressing (pitting edema)
• Heaviness or discomfort in affected limbs
• Reduced joint mobility

Treatment Approaches

Treatment targets the underlying cause and may include:

• Diuretics (water pills) to reduce fluid retention
• Compression stockings
• Elevation of affected limbs
• Dietary sodium restriction
• Management of heart, kidney, or liver conditions
• Lymphatic drainage massage for lymphedema

Consult a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan.