Hiatal Hernia Progression & Potential Complications: What to Expect

A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes abnormally through the hole in the diaphragm that allows the stomach to connect with the esophagus. Progression of serious hernias can trigger several potential complications.

The Facts

• Hiatal hernias typically do not cause symptoms on their own, according to Medline Plus. Rather, they produce circumstances that allow air, gastric acid or digestive bile to reflux, or pass abnormally back up into the esophagus.

Strangulation

• In some cases, progression of a hiatal hernia can entrap (strangulate) part of the stomach when the hernial opening closes in upon itself, according to the Cleveland Clinic. This strangulation can cut off the blood supply to the affected stomach section.

Anemia and Bleeding

• Large hernias can trigger a lack of healthy red blood cells (anemia) as a result of iron deficiency, Medline Plus reports. In some cases, slow bleeding can also occur.

Lung Aspiration

• In some cases, progression of a hiatal hernia can also trigger the abnormal breathing (aspiration) of foreign material into the lungs.

Surgery

• Individuals experiencing complications of a hiatal hernia may require surgery to address and relieve their symptoms, according to Medline Plus.