Gut Microbiota: Indispensable Roles in Metabolism, Immunity, and Protection
Intestinal bacteria are essential for:
- Nutrient metabolism (fiber fermentation, vitamin K/B₁₂ synthesis).
- Immune education (tolerance vs. defense).
- Pathogen exclusion (competition, antimicrobial peptides).
- Motility regulation (SCFAs).
Antibiotics disrupt this symbiosis, risking diarrhea, C. difficile, and long-term dysbiosis. Research explores microbiome therapeutics.
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