How does pasteurization kill disease-causing microorganisms?

Pasteurization is a heat treatment process that kills disease-causing microorganisms in milk and other beverages by subjecting them to a controlled temperature for a specific period. The process is named after Louis Pasteur, a French scientist who developed it in the 19th century.

Pasteurization works by denaturing the proteins and enzymes in microorganisms, including those that cause diseases such as tuberculosis, typhoid fever, and diphtheria. These microorganisms can cause illness or even death if consumed.

The specific temperature and duration of pasteurization vary depending on the product being treated. For example, milk is typically pasteurized at a temperature of 72°C (161°F) for 15 seconds or at 63°C (145°F) for 30 minutes. These conditions are sufficient to kill most disease-causing microorganisms while preserving the flavor and nutritional value of the milk.

Pasteurization is an essential process in the production of safe and shelf-stable milk and other beverages. It has significantly contributed to the reduction of foodborne illnesses and improved public health worldwide.