Hospital‑Acquired Infections (HAIs): Common Types & Pathogens
Major HAI Categories (CDC/NHSN)
- Catheter‑associated UTI (CAUTI)
- Central‑line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI)
- Surgical site infection (SSI)
- Ventilator‑associated pneumonia (VAP) / Hospital‑acquired pneumonia (HAP)
- Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)
Key Multidrug‑Resistant Organisms (MDROs)
- MRSA – Methicillin‑resistant S. aureus
- VRE – Vancomycin‑resistant enterococci
- CRE – Carbapenem‑resistant Enterobacterales
- CRAB – Carbapenem‑resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
- C. auris – Multidrug‑resistant yeast
- ESBL‑producers – Extended‑spectrum β‑lactamase E. coli, Klebsiella
Prevention Core Measures
- Hand hygiene (WHO 5 moments)
- Bundle protocols (central line, catheter, ventilator, SSI)
- Antimicrobial stewardship
- Contact precautions for MDROs
- Environmental cleaning/disinfection
- Surveillance & feedback
HAIs affect ~1 in 31 hospitalized patients (US). Most are preventable with consistent bundle adherence.
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