5 Major Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs): CLABSI, CAUTI, SSI, VAP, MRSA

The CDC tracks five priority HAIs. Each is largely preventable with evidence-based bundles.

1. CLABSI (Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infection): Central line insertion/maintenance bundles (chlorhexidine skin prep, maximal barrier, hand hygiene, daily necessity review).
2. CAUTI (Catheter-Associated UTI): Avoid unnecessary catheters; aseptic insertion; closed drainage; daily necessity review; prompt removal.
3. SSI (Surgical Site Infection): Pre-op antiseptic shower, appropriate antibiotic timing, normothermia, glycemic control, sterile technique.
4. VAP (Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia): Head-of-bed 30–45°, daily sedation vacation/SBT, peptic ulcer/DVT prophylaxis, oral care with chlorhexidine.
5. MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus): Active surveillance, contact precautions, decolonization (mupirocin/chlorhexidine), antimicrobial stewardship.

Impact

• Increased mortality, LOS, cost ($20K–$45K per infection)
• CMS non-payment for selected HAIs
• Public reporting (Hospital Compare)

Bundle compliance >90% drives sustained reduction.