Healthcare Isolation Precautions: The 4 Types Explained

Infection control uses four precaution categories:

1. Standard Precautions: Universal basics—hand hygiene, PPE, surface disinfection—for all patients.
2. Transmission-Based Precautions: Added for known/suspected contagious pathogens:
   • Airborne (TB, measles, varicella): N95, negative pressure room.
   • Droplet (flu, pertussis, meningitis): Surgical mask, 3-ft separation.
   • Contact (MRSA, VRE, C. diff): Gown/gloves, dedicated equipment.
3. Barrier Precautions: Physical barriers—gloves, gowns, masks, goggles—used within Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions.
4. Administrative Controls: Policies restricting movement, dedicated staffing, signage, visitor management in isolation zones.

Correct selection and consistent use break chains of transmission.