Which cells make antibodies?

B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are the cells responsible for producing antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that help protect the body against infections and diseases by recognising and binding to specific antigens, which are foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins.

B cells are a type of white blood cell that are produced and mature in the bone marrow. When a B cell encounters an antigen, it becomes activated and begins to proliferate, producing large numbers of antibody-secreting plasma cells. These plasma cells release the antibodies into the bloodstream, where they can bind to and neutralise antigens, helping to protect the body against infection.

B cells also have a role in immunological memory. When a B cell is activated, it produces a subset of memory B cells that "remember" the antigen that triggered its activation. If the same antigen is encountered again in the future, these memory B cells can rapidly differentiate into plasma cells, producing a rapid and robust antibody response, helping to prevent re-infection.