Occupational HIV Exposure in the US (2011–2020): CDC Surveillance Data

CDC documented 58 confirmed occupational HIV transmissions in the US from 2011–2020.

Breakdown by Occupation

• Healthcare personnel: 32 (55%)
• Laboratory workers: 15 (26%)
• Other workers: 11 (19%)

Exposure Routes

• Needlestick/sharp injuries: 86%
• Mucous membrane exposure: ~10%
• Non-intact skin contact: ~4%

Prevention & Post-Exposure Protocol

• Engineering controls: Safety-engineered devices, needleless systems.
• Work practice controls: No recapping, immediate sharps disposal.
• PEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Start within 72 hours (ideally <2 hours); 3-drug regimen for 28 days.
• Follow-up testing: Baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months (or 4 months with 4th-gen Ag/Ab).

Key Takeaway

Occupational HIV transmission is extremely rare due to universal precautions and effective PEP. Continued vigilance, safety culture, and prompt reporting remain essential.