What is the etiology of Pregnancy induced hypertension?

The exact etiology of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development:

1. Placental factors: The placenta plays a crucial role in the development of PIH. Abnormal placentation, such as inadequate invasion of the uterine wall by the placenta, can lead to impaired blood flow and placental ischemia. This can release vasoactive substances and inflammatory mediators into the maternal circulation, contributing to the development of hypertension.

2. Immune dysregulation: Pregnancy involves significant changes in the maternal immune system. An imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune responses can disrupt normal vascular function and contribute to the development of PIH.

3. Genetic factors: Genetic predisposition may play a role in the development of PIH. Some women have a genetic susceptibility to developing high blood pressure during pregnancy, and a family history of PIH increases the risk.

4. Environmental factors: Certain environmental factors, such as obesity, smoking, chronic kidney disease, and pre-existing hypertension, can increase the risk of developing PIH.

5. Nutritional factors: Poor nutrition, particularly a deficiency of certain nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D, may contribute to the development of PIH.

It's important to note that PIH is a multifactorial condition, and the exact combination of factors that leads to its development may vary from woman to woman.