Detecting Hypertension: Understanding Blood Pressure Measurement

Hypertension is diagnosed through standardized BP measurement:

1. Proper technique: Seated 5+ minutes, back supported, feet flat, arm at heart level, correct cuff size.
2. Multiple readings: Two measurements 1–2 minutes apart; average them.
3. Confirmation: Elevated readings on ≥2 separate occasions.
4. Out-of-office confirmation: Home BP monitoring or 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) to rule out white-coat hypertension.

Classification (ACC/AHA 2017)

• Normal: <120/80
• Elevated: 120–129/<80
• Stage 1: 130–139/80–89
• Stage 2: ≥140/90

Risk Assessment

Combine BP with age, family history, lipids, glucose, kidney function, and lifestyle to guide management intensity.

Screen adults ≥18 annually; more often if elevated or high-risk.