Herpes Simplex vs. Herpes Zoster: Symptoms, Causes & Differences

Herpes Simplex type I (HSV-1) and type II (HSV-2), and the Varicella zoster virus (VZV) are classified as herpes viruses. HSV-1 causes cold sores and fever blisters; HSV-2 causes blisters on the genitals and anus, and VZV causes chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (herpes zoster).

Symptoms

• These viruses cause a burning, tingling sensation followed by small, painful, fluid filled blisters around the mouth (HSV-1), the genitals and anus (HSV-2); herpes zoster blisters usually appear in a line on one side of the body, usually on the back, face and abdomen.

Prevelance

• HSV-1 can affect anyone; HSV-2 affects people who are sexually active. Herpes Zoster can affect anyone who has had chickenpox, although it usually affects people over 50.

How the Virus is Spread

• Herpes Zoster is not contagious; however, contact with fluid from a blister can cause chickenpox in people who have not previously had chickenpox. HSV-1 and HSV-2 are contagious, and are spread by contact with fluid from the blisters. HSV-2 is commonly spread by sexual contact.

Dormant Virus

• After initial infection, these viruses remain dormant in the nerve ganglions. Symptoms of HSV-1 and HSV-2 can reoccur following stress, trauma or illness. The cause of an outbreak of herpes zoster is unknown.

Treatment

• Herpes viruses are treated with antiviral medications (acyclovir, valacyclovir), which can be given daily if needed. Pain medication is often prescribed.