Herpes: Causes, Types, and Transmission - A Comprehensive Guide

Herpes is caused by two types of viruses: herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). These viruses are highly contagious and are spread through close contact with an infected person.

HSV-1: This type of herpes is commonly known as oral herpes and usually causes mouth sores or fever blisters. People may catch HSV-1 by coming into contact with saliva or skin lesions of an infected person. It can spread through kissing, sharing objects like toothbrushes or utensils, or performing oral sex with someone who has an active outbreak. HSV-1 can spread to the genitals through oral-genital contact.

HSV-2: This type is primarily associated with genital herpes and affects the lower body. Transmission of HSV-2 typically occurs through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex, with an infected individual. Although less common, HSV-2 can spread to the mouth through oral-genital contact.

Herpes can also be spread from an infected mother to her newborn baby during birth, resulting in neonatal herpes.