What is MONO in a hematology test?

The term "MONO" in a hematology test refers to the presence of atypical lymphocytes in the blood, specifically monocytes. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They are larger than other types of lymphocytes, such as lymphocytes, and have a distinct appearance under a microscope.

When monocytes are increased in number or have atypical features, it may indicate an underlying medical condition. Some possible causes of increased or atypical monocytes include:

1. Viral Infections: Certain viral infections, such as infectious mononucleosis (also called "mono"), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), can cause an increase in atypical lymphocytes, including monocytes.

2. Bacterial Infections: Some bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis (TB) and brucellosis, can also lead to an increase in monocytes.

3. Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis can cause an increase in atypical lymphocytes, including monocytes.

4. Chronic Infections: Chronic infections, such as HIV and hepatitis, can also result in an increase in monocytes.

5. Blood Cancers: In some cases, an increase in atypical lymphocytes, including monocytes, can be a sign of a blood cancer, such as leukemia or lymphoma.

When "MONO" is reported in a hematology test, it typically refers to the presence of atypical monocytes. However, it is essential to note that further evaluation and testing are usually necessary to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment. A doctor will consider the patient's symptoms, medical history, and other laboratory findings to make an accurate diagnosis and provide appropriate management.