What are the symptoms of coarctation aorta?

Symptoms of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) can vary depending on the severity of the narrowing and the individual's age.

In infants, symptoms may appear soon after birth and may include:

- Difficulty breathing: This can be especially noticeable during feeding or crying.

- Weak pulses: The pulses in the legs may be weaker or absent compared to the pulses in the arms.

- Pale skin: The skin may appear pale or bluish due to poor blood circulation.

- Sweating: The infant may sweat excessively, especially on the head and neck.

- Poor weight gain: The infant may not gain weight or grow at the expected rate.

In older children and adults, symptoms may develop gradually and can include:

- Chest pain: Discomfort or pain in the chest, especially during exercise.

- Shortness of breath: Difficulty catching one's breath, especially with exertion.

- Leg fatigue: The legs may feel tired or achy, especially during walking or exercise.

- Arm and leg weakness: The arms and legs may feel weak or numb.

- Headaches: Headaches may occur frequently.

- High blood pressure: Blood pressure may be elevated, especially in the arms, due to the increased pressure in the aorta.

In severe cases, coarctation of the aorta can lead to complications such as:

- Heart failure: The heart may become enlarged and weakened, leading to heart failure.

- Aneurysm: A bulging or weakening of the aorta may occur.

- Endocarditis: An infection of the lining of the heart or valves can develop.

- Stroke: A blood clot may form in the narrowed area of the aorta and travel to the brain, causing a stroke.

It's important to seek medical attention if you or your child experiences any of these symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment of coarctation of the aorta can help prevent complications and improve the overall prognosis.